Journal of Research in Science, Mathematics and Technology Education

From Familiarity to Futures: How Parents Shape STEM Pathways

Avis Beek 1 *
1 Wilfrid Laurier University* Corresponding Author
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Journal of Research in Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2026, pp. 55-82
OPEN ACCESS VIEWS: 13 DOWNLOADS: 6 Publication date: 15 Sep 2026
ABSTRACT
Parents play an important role in shaping children’s engagement with STEM. However, less is known about how parents perceive their own influence on their children’s engagement and future STEM pathways. This study examined relationships among parental STEM familiarity, perceived parental impact, family-based STEM participation, and parents’ perceptions of their children’s future STEM trajectories. Guided by social cognitive theory and the proposed Parental STEM Agency, Self-Efficacy, and STEM Capital (PASC) framework, the study explored how parental beliefs and family engagement practices relate to future-oriented STEM expectations. Data were collected through surveys administered to adult family members attending family-focused STEM outreach events at two elementary schools in a large urban municipality in Ontario, Canada (Site A: n = 34; Site B: n = 41). Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank-order correlations were used to examine patterns within each site. Across both sites, parents reported positive perceptions of their influence on their children’s STEM learning and strong expectations for their children’s future engagement with STEM. Perceived parental impact emerged as the most consistent correlate of envisioning children’s STEM futures, while parental STEM familiarity and family-based STEM participation demonstrated more variable relationships across contexts. The findings suggest that parents who perceive themselves as capable contributors to their children’s STEM development are more likely to envision STEM as a viable future pathway for their children. Differences across sites also point to the influence of broader sociocultural and structural factors on family STEM engagement. These findings contribute to understanding how parents shape children’s STEM pathways and suggest that efforts to broaden participation in STEM should attend not only to children’s experiences, but also to the family contexts that support the development of STEM aspirations and engagement.
KEYWORDS
parental involvement, parent self-efficacy, science capital, social cognitive theory, STEM education, STEM outreach
CITATION (APA)
Beek, A. (2026). From Familiarity to Futures: How Parents Shape STEM Pathways. Journal of Research in Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 9(3), 55-82. https://doi.org/10.31756/jrsmte.934
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